If an adult is unable to give consent for medical treatment (including dental treatment) to promote their physical health, the Adults with Incapacity (Scotland) Act 2000 has provision for a doctor to make this decision. It is also possible for proxies (Welfare Guardians and Welfare Attornies and people authorised under an intervention order) to make these decisions, if this was agreed when proxies were appointed.  A limited number of professions in medicine can consent to specific kinds of treatment, which they would provide.

If a disagreement arises, a second doctor can be called upon to give an opinion.

Decisions about mental health treatment are governed by the Mental Health (Scotland) Act 1984.